The Upper Mustang Trek, one of Nepal’s most captivating and remote trekking routes, offers an unparalleled adventure in the western Himalayas. Located in the Mustang district, beyond the Annapurna (8,091 m/26,545 ft) and Dhaulagiri (8,167 m/26,795 ft) mountain ranges, this trek takes you through a region that has long been steeped in mystery and cultural significance. Only accessible to trekkers since 1992, this restricted area remains one of the least visited trekking destinations in Nepal, with an average of fewer than 1,000 visitors per year. The trek offers a unique opportunity to explore an ancient Tibetan Buddhist culture, pristine landscapes, and natural phenomena that differ greatly from other trekking regions in Nepal.
The highlight of the Upper Mustang trek is the former Kingdom of Mustang, often referred to as the “Last Forbidden Kingdom.” This remote region, bordered by Tibet to the north, is characterized by its high- altitude desert landscape, where vast expanses of multi-hued gorges, arid plains, and wind-sculpted rock formations dominate the terrain. The trek passes through dramatic features like the Kali Gandaki Gorge (5,571 m/18,277 ft), the deepest gorge in the world, and presents trekkers with awe-inspiring views of the surrounding peaks. Here, the wind whips across the barren landscape, and the natural environment creates an almost surreal atmosphere, making the journey feel like a step into another world. The culture of Upper Mustang is just as striking as its geography. The people of Mustang are ethnically Tibetan, and their lifestyle and traditions are deeply rooted in Tibetan Buddhism. The trek passes through remote villages where life has remained unchanged for centuries. Villages such as Kagbeni (2,810 m/9,219 ft) and Chele (3,050 m/10,007 ft) offer a glimpse into the daily lives of these hardy mountain people. The region is dotted with ancient monasteries, gompas, and prayer wheels, many of which are centuries old. The most iconic site is the walled city of Lo Manthang (3,840 m/12,598 ft), the former capital of the Kingdom of Mustang. Its labyrinthine streets and striking architecture, with its red-painted monasteries and fortified walls, stand as a testament to the region’s rich cultural heritage.
Upper Mustang’s natural environment also presents several unique phenomena. The landscape here is incredibly arid, with limited vegetation, giving it the feel of a high-altitude desert. However, in contrast to this barren environment, the trek also passes through lush green oases, where small rivers and springs support life in an otherwise inhospitable landscape. The weather is another unique aspect of this region, with intense winds and high UV exposure due to its altitude. The trek also exposes trekkers to dramatic changes in climate and terrain as they ascend and descend through the various valleys and ridges that characterize the Mustang region.
The trek begins from Jomsom (2,710 m/8,891 ft), the district headquarters of Mustang, and follows the Kali Gandaki River northward. From there, trekkers pass through ancient trade routes, picturesque villages, and Buddhist landmarks, gradually gaining altitude as they approach Lo Manthang. The route takes trekkers through challenging terrain, including steep climbs and descents, narrow ridges, and occasionally snow-covered paths, offering a rewarding sense of adventure and discovery. The trek also includes visits to several sacred sites, including the famous Tiji Festival in Lo Manthang, a celebration of ancient Tibetan Buddhist rituals that takes place annually in May.
The Upper Mustang Trek is a rare and extraordinary journey into the heart of a culture and landscape that remain largely unchanged for centuries. With its surreal natural beauty, ancient Tibetan Buddhist traditions, and remote, challenging terrain, it offers a once-in-a-lifetime trekking experience for those seeking adventure off the beaten path. Whether you’re drawn to its awe-inspiring landscapes, rich culture, or historical significance, the Upper Mustang trek promises a journey that will leave a lasting impression on any traveler.
Permits Required for the Upper Mustang Trek :
To trek in the Upper Mustang region, two permits are required:
- Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): This permit grants access to the Annapurna Conservation Area, which covers the southern part of Upper Mustang. It helps support conservation efforts and local communities.
- Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit: Since Upper Mustang is a restricted area, trekkers must obtain this special permit to visit. This is done through a registered trekking agency, and the permit is only available to groups of two or more people. The cost for this permit is $500 USD per person, making the trek relatively expensive compared to other regions in Nepal.
Due to these permit requirements, the cost of the Upper Mustang trek is higher than many other trekking routes in Nepal, but it offers a truly unique and off-the-beaten-path experience in one of the most culturally rich and stunning regions of the Himalayas.
Major Landmarks:
- Jomsom (2,710 m/8,891 ft): Jomsom is the gateway to the Upper Mustang trek and a popular starting point for trekkers. Located in the Kali Gandaki Valley, it offers stunning views of the Dhaulagiri and Nilgiri peaks. Known for its strong winds and picturesque landscapes, Jomsom is also the hub for flights to and from Pokhara, making it easily accessible for trekkers. Its altitude and arid climate create a unique environment, blending desert-like conditions with lush valleys.
- Kagbeni (2,810 m/9,219 ft): Kagbeni, nestled along the Kali Gandaki River, is a charming village and an entry point to the Upper Mustang region. The village is famous for its traditional Tibetan culture, ancient monasteries, and its dramatic setting amidst high desert terrain. At an altitude of 2,810 meters, Kagbeni offers a scenic transition into the arid landscapes of Mustang, and its religious significance makes it an essential stop on the trek.
- Muktinath (3,710 m/12,170 ft): Muktinath is a sacred pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Buddhists, sitting at an altitude of 3,710 meters in the Mustang region. Famous for its temple, natural gas flames, and 108 water spouts, Muktinath draws pilgrims year-round. The spiritual ambiance, combined with breathtaking views of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges, makes Muktinath a must-visit destination for trekkers seeking both culture and adventure.
- Marpha Village (2,670 m/8,760 ft): Known as the ‘Apple Capital’ of Nepal, Marpha is a charming village that produces delicious apples and apple-based products. At 2,670 meters, Marpha offers trekkers a relaxing stop with its traditional whitewashed stone houses, cobbled streets, and picturesque apple orchards. The village’s tranquil atmosphere and its Tibetan-influenced culture make it an unforgettable highlight of the trek.
- Ghar Gompa (3,310 m/10,860 ft): Ghar Gompa is one of the oldest monasteries in Upper Mustang, dating back over a thousand years. Situated at 3,310 meters, it holds great religious significance for local Buddhists. This serene and remote monastery, surrounded by dramatic landscapes, offers a peaceful retreat and a deeper understanding of the region’s spiritual heritage, making it an essential stop on the trek.
- Kali Gandaki Gorge (5,571 m/18,277 ft deep at 2,520 m/8,270 ft altitude) and Fossil Shaligrams: The Kali Gandaki Gorge, also known as Andha Galchi, is the world’s deepest gorge, carved by the Kali Gandaki River between the Dhaulagiri (8,167 m/26,795 ft) and Annapurna (8,091 m/26,545 ft) ranges, with a depth of 5,571 meters (18,277 ft) from the peaks to the riverbed. Situated at 2,520 meters (8,270 ft), the gorge offers trekkers stunning views of rugged landscapes and unique rock formations. The region is also famous for its fossilized ammonite shells, known as Shaligrams, which are considered sacred by Hindus. These fossils, found along the riverbanks, add a layer of natural and cultural significance to this awe-inspiring landmark on the Upper Mustang trek.
- Lo La Pass (3,950 m/12,959 ft): Located at 3,950 meters, the Lo La Pass is a key highlight of the Upper Mustang trek, linking the villages of Yara and Lo Manthang. Known for its challenging ascent and panoramic views of the Dhaulagiri and Annapurna ranges, the pass offers trekkers a dramatic experience in the stark Mustang landscape. With strong winds and high-altitude exposure, crossing Lo La is a rewarding milestone on the journey to the ancient kingdom of Mustang. Lo Manthang (3,840 m/12,598 ft): Lo Manthang, the ancient walled capital of the Mustang Kingdom, sits at 3,840 meters in the heart of the Upper Mustang region. Known for its well-preserved Tibetan architecture, centuries-old monasteries, and a distinct medieval atmosphere, Lo Manthang offers a window into the region’s rich cultural and religious history. As the final destination of the trek, Lo Manthang captivates visitors with its surreal beauty and cultural significance.
Moderate Trek
USD $1955 - 2300
